THE TCP/IP MODEL
TCP/IP Model is combination of four layers and which are host to network, internet, transport and application layer.TCP/IP is the most widely used protocol suite in networking
today. This is due in part to the vast growth of the global Internet. TCP/IP is
able to span wide areas and is very flexible. In addition, it provides
cross-platform support, routing capabilities, as well as support for the Simple
Network Management Protocol (SNMP), the Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol
(DHCP), the Windows Internet Name Service (WINS), the Domain Name Service
(DNS), and a host of other useful protocols. However, TCP/IP’s rich set of
features are provided at the expense of additional overhead, which may make it
too cumbersome for some networks or applications.
today. This is due in part to the vast growth of the global Internet. TCP/IP is
able to span wide areas and is very flexible. In addition, it provides
cross-platform support, routing capabilities, as well as support for the Simple
Network Management Protocol (SNMP), the Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol
(DHCP), the Windows Internet Name Service (WINS), the Domain Name Service
(DNS), and a host of other useful protocols. However, TCP/IP’s rich set of
features are provided at the expense of additional overhead, which may make it
too cumbersome for some networks or applications.
The Application layer :
The application layer in TCP/IP is combination of session, presentation, and application layer in the OSI model. The
Application Layer is responsible for the presentation that is format of the
message and its encryption and decryption. This layer consist variety of higher
level protocol for the purpose of performing its task efficiently and
effectively.
Application Layer is responsible for the presentation that is format of the
message and its encryption and decryption. This layer consist variety of higher
level protocol for the purpose of performing its task efficiently and
effectively.
Telnet (Remote Login) : It refers to logging on to
someone else’s system by preserving Transparency that is it seems to the user
as he is working on his own system.
FTP (File Transfer Protocol) : It is responsible for
transmitting the files from the source node to the destination node.
transmitting the files from the source node to the destination node.
SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol) : It processes
the mails.
DNS (Domain Naming Service) : It maps IP addresses to
simple node addresses e.g., 192.192.190.25 to node 15.
RIP (Routing Important Protocol) : It is responsible
for routing the packets from source to destination.
SNMP (Single Network Management Protocol) : A
protocol that is used to collect management information from network devices.
The Transport Layer :
Traditionally the transport layer was represented in TCP/IP
by two protocols : TCP and UDP. IP is a host-to-host protocol; means deliver a
packet from one physical device to another. UDP and TCP are transport level
protocols responsible for delivery of a message from one process to another
process.
by two protocols : TCP and UDP. IP is a host-to-host protocol; means deliver a
packet from one physical device to another. UDP and TCP are transport level
protocols responsible for delivery of a message from one process to another
process.
Transmission Control Protocol
The Transmission Control protocol (TCP) provides full
transport-layer services to application. TCP is a reliable stream transport
protocol. The term, in this context, means connection —oriented : A connection
must be established between both ends of a transmission before either can
transmit data.
transport-layer services to application. TCP is a reliable stream transport
protocol. The term, in this context, means connection —oriented : A connection
must be established between both ends of a transmission before either can
transmit data.
User Datagram Protocol
The User Datagram protocol (UDP) is the simpler of the two
standard TCP/IP transport protocols. It is a process-to-process protocol that
adds only port address, checksum error control and length information to the
data from the upper letter.
standard TCP/IP transport protocols. It is a process-to-process protocol that
adds only port address, checksum error control and length information to the
data from the upper letter.
The Internet Layer :
The Internet Layer corresponds to Network Layer of TCP/IP
model. The basic difference between Network Layer and Internet Layer is the
transmission of data. The Network Layer performs both connectionless and
connection Oriented services whereas Internet Layer performs only
connectionless service.
model. The basic difference between Network Layer and Internet Layer is the
transmission of data. The Network Layer performs both connectionless and
connection Oriented services whereas Internet Layer performs only
connectionless service.
The main functions of this layer are characterized below :
Logical Device Addressing : The packets follow the
independent route. The packets need to address and may follow any route to
reach, other end. The Internet layer adds information with the message, which
fulfills the same purpose. This service is called Datagram Network Service.
independent route. The packets need to address and may follow any route to
reach, other end. The Internet layer adds information with the message, which
fulfills the same purpose. This service is called Datagram Network Service.
Data Packaging : The Internet layer defines official packets
format and protocol known as internet protocol packets.
format and protocol known as internet protocol packets.
Routing : Router is responsible for routing the packets from
source to the destination. Router chooses the shortest path to transmit the
packet to the destination.
source to the destination. Router chooses the shortest path to transmit the
packet to the destination.
The Network Layer :
It comprises the function of Physical Layer and Data Link
Layer of OSI reference model. TCP/IP model has not defined its own standard for
this layer but takes the services of existing Data Link Layer and Physical
Layer.
The function performed by this layer is to change the IP
datagrams to the physical address bytes frame and transmit on the line. it maps
the logical domain name address to IP address and to the physical address of
the node. This layer works as an abstraction layer and this model hides the
functionality of the layer from users.
Layer of OSI reference model. TCP/IP model has not defined its own standard for
this layer but takes the services of existing Data Link Layer and Physical
Layer.
The function performed by this layer is to change the IP
datagrams to the physical address bytes frame and transmit on the line. it maps
the logical domain name address to IP address and to the physical address of
the node. This layer works as an abstraction layer and this model hides the
functionality of the layer from users.
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